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mercury relay
A mercury relay (mercury displacement relay, mercury contactor) is a relay that uses mercury as the switching element.
They are used as high-current switches or contactors, where contact erosion from constant cycling would be a problem for conventional relay contacts.
Owing to environmental considerations about the toxicity of mercury, mercury relays are mostly obsolete though modern encapsulated units still have applications. They are generally being replaced by solid state relays.
== Operation ==
Mercury relays consist of a vertical (usually glass) tube containing liquid mercury. They have isolated contacts at the bottom of the tube and partway up, usually in a side arm of the glass. The relay works by displacement. A pool of mercury fills the lower portion of the tube, but is insufficient to bridge the contacts. A magnetic〔A magnetic material is one that may be attracted by a magnet, not necessarily one that may be magnetised itself.〕 slug of iron or steel is placed in the tube, where it sinks by gravity so as to displace the mercury. The displaced mercury rises in the tube,〔Steel is less dense than mercury, so that the slug floats on top of the mercury, rather than sinking through it. Despite this, the reduced volume of mercury displaced is still sufficient to bridge the contacts.〕 sufficiently to bridge the contacts and complete the circuit between them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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